③Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zipolopolo za ceramic kuyambira zaka za m'ma 2100, zoumba zoteteza zipolopolo zapangidwa mwachangu, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza aluminiyamu, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titaniyamu boride, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zida za alumina (Al₂O₃), silicon carbide cera ...